Elise Johnson McDougald

Biography

Elise Johnson McDougald (October 13, 1885 – June 10, 1971), a.k.a. Gertrude Elise McDougald Ayer, was an American educator, writer, activist and first African-American woman principal in New York City public schools following the consolidation of the city in 1898. She was preceded by Sarah J. Garnet, an early African American woman principal from Brooklyn, New York, while it was still considered a separate city, who in 1863 began a 37-year-long career as principal in Manhattan's racial caste "colored" public schools.

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